The pedagogical approach that focuses on motivation, relationships and personal growth, influenced by Carl Rogers, mattering most when offering choice and using reflection journals, and requiring a safe classroom climate to work.
Facts
Central QuestionHow does education engage the whole person, feeling as well as intellect, toward growth and self-actualization? 1 Most Effective ForLearning that mattered most when offering choice, engaging feelings alongside intellect, and supporting self-actualization and psychological health. 1 Connections
Associated With
Knowles' assumptions about self-directed, experience-driven adult learners draw on humanistic psychology.
Developed By
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Includes
Knowles drew directly on humanistic psychology, especially self-direction and intrinsic motivation.
Source infed, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education
Source A historic dialogue
Care theory's person-centered relational emphasis sits within the humanist line in education.
Source infed, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education
Sources
1. infed, the encyclopedia of pedagogy and informal education
Humanistic orientations to learning page
A great deal of theoretical writing about adult education in the 1970s and 1980s drew on humanistic psychology, with the basic concern being for the human potential for growth.
Humanistic orientations to learning page, Rogers section
Learning can, thus, be seen as a form of self-actualization, it contributes to psychological health
Includes: Andragogy, Malcolm Knowles page, humanistic influences
extensive use of a model of relationships derived from humanistic clinical psychology, and, in particular, the qualities of good facilitation argued for by Carl Rogers
Includes: Ethic of Care, Nel Noddings page, orientation
Natural caring, such as that of a mother for a child, according to Nel Noddings, comes before ethical caring and is preferable to it.
View the SourceStructural Learning, Pedagogy Explained
Structural LearningPedagogy Explained, Five Pedagogical Approaches Explained, HumanismQuote, Pedagogy Explained, Five Pedagogical Approaches Explained, Humanism
focuses on motivation, relationships and personal growth
A historic dialogue
University of Minnesota Duluth, College of Education and Human Service ProfessionsBehaviorism vs. Humanism sectionQuote, Behaviorism vs. Humanism section
In contrast, Rogers and his humanist approach to psychology placed emphasis on free will and thought as well as other cognitive, internal aspects of psychology.
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Summerhill School, Summerhill School, lead sectionQuote, Associated With: Summerhill School, Summerhill School, lead section
founded in 1921 by Alexander Sutherland Neill
Frequently Asked Questions
How did humanism's approach to education emerge from a real debate with behaviourism?
At a famous 1962 University of Minnesota Duluth symposium, B.F. Skinner defended behaviourism's reinforcement-based account of behaviour while Carl Rogers argued the humanist case for free will and the learner's own internal, self-directed growth.
In June 1962, B.F. Skinner and Carl Rogers held what is considered one of the most influential psychological debates of the twentieth century, at the University of Minnesota Duluth, titled Education and the Control of Human Behavior. Skinner held that even complex human behaviour could be explained through reinforcement and punishment; Rogers, in contrast, placed emphasis on free will and on internal, cognitive aspects of the person, the same emphasis on relationships, motivation and self-directed growth that defines humanism as a pedagogical approach.
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