Self-Belief, Attribution and Belonging

The big-fish-little-pond effect (BFLPE) is a frame of reference model introduced by Herbert W. Marsh and John W. Parker in 1984.

The self-worth theory of motivation, which is adapted from the original theory of achievement motivation, describes an individual's tendency to protect their sense of self-worth as the motive of avoiding failure and hence approaching success.

Attribution is a term used in psychology which deals with how individuals perceive the causes of everyday experience, as being either external or internal.

Student engagement occurs when "students make a psychological investment in learning.

The most commonly used definition of school belonging comes from a 1993 academic article by researchers Carol Goodenow and Kathleen Grady, who describe school belonging as "the extent to which students feel personally accepted, respected, included, and supported by others in the school social environment." The construct of school belonging involves feeling connected with and attached to one's school.

Invitational education (IE) is a theory of educational practice that emphasizes the importance of internal knowledge in relation to external connections to the outside world and educational system.