The ARCS model of motivation is a motivational-design framework for instruction developed by the American educational psychologist John Keller and presented in his 1987 article Development and Use of the ARCS Model of Instructional Design, built to give instructional designers a systematic way to build motivation directly into learning materials rather than treating a learner's motivation as fixed or outside the designer's control. The model names four conditions that must be met for learners to become and stay motivated: attention, capturing and holding a learner's interest through variety, curiosity or novel presentation; relevance, connecting the content clearly to a learner's own goals, needs or past experience; confidence, helping learners believe that they can succeed if they put in appropriate effort; and satisfaction, reinforcing a learner's accomplishment through a sense of achievement, meaningful feedback or appropriate rewards. Keller grounded the model in earlier expectancy-value theories of motivation, and it is widely used today as a practical checklist for reviewing and revising instructional materials, e-learning courses and training programs to make sure each of the four conditions is genuinely addressed.
Facts
Core ClaimThe ARCS model identifies four categories of motivational strategy for instructional design, Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction, that an instructor addresses to build and sustain learner motivation. 1 FAQs
Why did John Keller create the ARCS model?
Keller built ARCS because earlier approaches to instructional design paid too little attention to learner motivation.
Keller first introduced the ARCS model in 1979. He developed it in response to earlier behaviourist and cognitive approaches to instructional design, which he argued focused too much on external stimuli and paid insufficient attention to learners' motivation.
Sources
1. John M. Keller (Wikipedia)
Wikimedia FoundationARCS model section
His ARCS model broke learner motivation down into four components (attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction) and provided strategies for instructors to incorporate each into their courses, thereby encouraging learner motivation.
ARCS model section, introduction sentence
Keller is best known for the ARCS ("Attention, Relevance, Confidence and Satisfaction") model of instructional design, which he first introduced in 1979.
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