Supporters point to the perceived fairness and comparability of uniform testing conditions, while critics document that teaching to the test narrows curriculum and displaces higher-order learning; both effects are documented, but the net effect on genuine learning outcomes, as opposed to test scores themselves, remains contested.
What would resolve this Long-run studies that isolate standardized-testing regimes from other simultaneous reforms, comparing broader learning and later-life outcomes, not just test scores, between similar systems that do and do not rely heavily on high-stakes standardized testing.
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