The Wikipedia article on James Cummins, the University of Toronto researcher on language and literacy development, consulted here for its account of his 1979 introduction of the BICS and CALP distinction and CALP's own definition as academic language proficiency.
Facts
Citation
PublisherWikimedia Foundation
URLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Cummins_(professor)
Source TypeEncyclopedia
Assessment
Reliability Tier2
Sources
Jim Cummins (professor) (Wikipedia)
Claims Backed By This Source (10 claims)
This source backs 10 claims across the atlas. As facts: 7 well-attested. Plus 3 entities citing it as a general reference with no single fact or relationship attached.
Disposition By Topic
- Learning Theory and Concepts, 6 claims: 3 well-attested, 3 general references.
- Sources, 4 claims: 4 well-attested.
Well-attested
7Learning Theory and Concepts
General References
3Learning Theory and Concepts
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