Wilder Graves Penfield, who lived from January 26, 1891 to April 5, 1976, was an American-Canadian neurosurgeon. He expanded brain surgery's methods and techniques, including mapping the functions of various regions of the brain such as the cortical homunculus. His scientific contributions on neural stimulation cover hallucinations, illusions, dissociation and deja vu. With co-author Lamar Roberts he first proposed the critical period hypothesis in their 1959 book Speech and Brain Mechanisms, an idea later taken up in the study of second-language learning.
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The critical period hypothesis was first proposed by Montreal neurologist Wilder Penfield and co-author Lamar Roberts in their 1959 book Speech and Brain Mechanisms, and was popularized by Eric Lenneberg in 1967 with Biological Foundations of Language.
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