Pedagogical Approaches
Flipped Classroom
Also Known As Inverted Classroom
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The flipped classroom inverts the traditional order of instruction: students first encounter new material, typically a recorded lecture or a reading, on their own outside class, then use class time for the active, teacher-guided work, problem-solving, discussion, application, that a lecture hall traditionally left for homework. Elements trace to Eric Mazur's peer instruction (1997) and to Lage, Platt and Treglia's 2000 college economics research, but the model was popularized from 2004 onward by Salman Khan's Khan Academy, whose recorded video lessons let students learn at their own pace before applying it in class. Evidence on effectiveness is mixed: a 2019 meta-analysis found small but statistically significant gains in cognitive learning outcomes, while at least one randomized controlled trial found no measurable difference from traditional instruction, and the model's reliance on home access to video technology raises equity concerns for students without reliable computers or internet.
Facts
Central QuestionCan moving direct instruction outside class time free class time itself for active, teacher-guided application of what was learned? 1 Most Effective ForCourses where students already have reliable home access to video and internet technology and where class time can be redesigned around guided practice rather than lecture; equity concerns arise for students without that access. 1 Cross-Tradition Connections
Sources
1. Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationFlipped classroom, History and Limitations sectionsQuote, Flipped classroom, History and Limitations sections
students watch online lectures, collaborate in online discussions, or carry out research at home, while actively engaging concepts in the classroom
1. Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationFlipped classroom, History sectionQuote, Flipped classroom, History section
In 2004, Khan began recording videos at the request of a younger cousin he was tutoring
1. Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationFlipped classroom, Limitations sectionQuote, Flipped classroom, Limitations section
Not all families are from the same socio-economic background, and thus access to computers or video-viewing technology outside of the school environment is not possible for all students.
Wikipedia: Jonathan Bergmann
Wikipedia: Aaron Sams
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