A concept from the philosophy of education addressing what education is for and what kind of person it should form, rather than a psychological theory of how learning happens: classical and Enlightenment sources (Plato's allegory of the cave, John Locke's tabula rasa), named traditions of self-formation and character (the German concept of Bildung, the Latin humanitas, holistic education, liberal education, intellectualism), a discipline-level account of education itself (pedagogy, education sciences, definitions of education, a teaching philosophy statement), and named pedagogical models built on an explicit philosophical stance (the Montessori method, Erdkinder, integral education, hothousing, psychomotor education, Paneurhythmy, formal discipline).