Home›Learning Theory and Concepts›Pedagogical Approach›ConstructivismPedagogical ApproachConstructivismAlso Known As Constructivist Learning TheoryLearning Theory ParadigmsInterlocking Building BlocksReference and ClassificationDevelopingThe pedagogical approach that asks learners to actively build their own understanding, often through class discussion and group work, linked to Piaget, Bruner and Vygotsky, and works well for extending thinking and developing independence.FactsConstructivismFAQsConnectionsIn the Other AtlasesSourcesOpen Questions (1 open question)Dissenting Readings (1 dissenting reading)Essays About This Entity (1 essay)Comments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsCentral QuestionWell-attestedHow does a learner actively build their own understanding from experience, rather than passively receive it? 1Most Effective ForWell-attestedProblem-solving and critical-thinking tasks where learners connect new information to what they already know. 1ConstructivismFilter Results41 entriesDeveloped ByAllAleksei Leontiev (1)Anna Sfard (1)Carl Bereiter (1)Carl Rogers (1)David A. Kolb (1)Edwin Hutchins (1)Ernst von Glasersfeld (1)Francis Wayland Parker (1)Jean Lave (2)Jean Piaget (3)Jerome Bruner (3)John B. Biggs (1)John Dewey (1)Lawrence Kohlberg (1)Lev Vygotsky (4)Maria Montessori (1)Marlene Scardamalia (1)Seymour Papert (1)Étienne Wenger (2)EraAll1844 (1)1875 (1)1916 (1)1923 (1)1933 (1)1934 (1)1936 (1)1955 (1)1958 (1)1961 (1)1965 (1)1974 (2)1976 (1)1978 (1)1980 (3)1981 (1)1989 (2)1990 (1)1991 (2)1993 (2)1994 (1)1995 (1)1996 (1)1998 (2)2008 (1)Influenced ByAllBenjamin Bloom (1)Jean Piaget (2)John Dewey (1)Lev Vygotsky (1)Maria Montessori (1)Topic GroupAllActivity, Dialogue and Cultural-Historical Theories (3)Adult Development Frameworks (1)Adult Education and Lifelong Learning Concepts (1)Apprenticeship, Scaffolding and Situated Learning Theories (6)Assessment and Measurement Theories (2)Cognitive and Developmental Psychology Concepts (3)Constructivist Theories and Teaching Methods (5)Curriculum Frameworks and Standards (2)Embodied, Situated and Distributed Cognition Theories (2)Inquiry, Authentic and Hands-On Learning Approaches (3)Instructional Design Models (2)Language Learning in Social Context (1)Learning Communities and Networks (3)Mathematics Learning Frameworks (1)Moral Education and the Ethics of Teaching (1)Progressive and Child-Centered Education Models (2)Scheduling and Delivery Structures (1)Theory FamilyAllActivity, Dialogue and Cultural-Historical Theories (3)Adult Development Frameworks (1)Adult Education and Lifelong Learning Concepts (1)Apprenticeship, Scaffolding and Situated Learning Theories (6)Assessment and Measurement Theories (2)Cognitive and Developmental Psychology Concepts (3)Constructivist Theories and Teaching Methods (5)Curriculum Frameworks and Standards (2)Embodied, Situated and Distributed Cognition Theories (2)Inquiry, Authentic and Hands-On Learning Approaches (3)Instructional Design Models (2)Language Learning in Social Context (1)Learning Communities and Networks (3)Mathematics Learning Frameworks (1)Moral Education and the Ethics of Teaching (1)Progressive and Child-Centered Education Models (2)Scheduling and Delivery Structures (1)Education LevelAllAdult Education (1)All Levels (11)Bachelor or Equivalent (ISCED 6) (2)Early Childhood Education (ISCED 0) (1)Lower Secondary Education (ISCED 2) (1)Primary Education (ISCED 1) (2)Upper Secondary Education (ISCED 3) (3)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 41Anchored InstructionConstructivismAPOS TheoryConstructivismAppropriation of KnowledgeConstructivismAsynchronous LearningConstructivismAuthentic LearningConstructivismCognitive AccelerationConstructivismCognitive ApprenticeshipConstructivismCommognitionConstructivismCommunity of PracticeConstructivismConstructionism (education)ConstructivismConstructive AlignmentConstructivismConstructivism in Science EducationConstructivismConstructivist Teaching MethodsConstructivismCulminating ProjectConstructivismDialogue EducationConstructivismDiscovery LearningConstructivismDistributed CognitionConstructivismDistributed ScaffoldingConstructivismDynamic AssessmentConstructivismEducational Theory of ApprenticeshipConstructivismGenetic EpistemologyConstructivismInstructional ScaffoldingConstructivismInstructional TheoryConstructivismKnowledge BuildingConstructivismKohlberg's Stages of Moral DevelopmentConstructivismLearning by DoingConstructivismLegitimate Peripheral ParticipationConstructivismPhenomenon-based learningConstructivismPiaget's Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentConstructivismPOGILConstructivismPrivate SpeechConstructivismQuincy MethodConstructivismRadical ConstructivismConstructivismSelf-AuthorshipConstructivismSituated CognitionConstructivismSocial ConstructivismConstructivismSocial Interactionist TheoryConstructivismSocial Learning (Social Pedagogy)ConstructivismStudent-Centered LearningConstructivismWriting Across the CurriculumConstructivismZone of Proximal DevelopmentConstructivismFAQsIs constructivism's discovery-based approach actually better than direct instruction for students new to a topic?Not according to a well-known challenge: Kirschner, Sweller and Clark argue that novice learners lack the prior knowledge to benefit from minimally guided discovery methods, and that cognitive-load research favours explicit, direct instruction with worked examples for this group.Paul A. Kirschner, John Sweller and Richard E. Clark hold that minimally guided, discovery-style methods like constructivism's problem-solving emphasis are less effective for novice learners than explicit, direct instruction with worked examples. Their argument is that novices lack the prior knowledge to benefit from minimal guidance, and that cognitive load research favours explicit teaching for this group. The atlas records this as a live dissent on constructivism's own most-effective-for claim rather than settling the question either way: the debate over how much guidance a novice learner needs is unresolved in the research literature, not a matter this atlas takes a side on.ConnectionsAssociated WithJack Mezirow, Thinkers Well-attested Neuroconstructivism, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Neuroconstructivism (Wikipedia)tier 2Problem-Based Learning, Pedagogical Approaches Well-attested ConnectedPBL is a constructivist, learner-centered method built around student-directed inquiry into an open-ended problem.Source Wikipedia: Problem-based learningtier 2Reading Wars, Curriculum, Assessment and Policy Well-attested ConnectedWhole language, the side of the Reading Wars dispute opposite phonics, draws on constructivist approaches to knowledge, emphasizing student interpretation of texts over decoding instruction.Source Wikipediatier 2Developed ByLev Vygotsky, Thinkers Well-attested Source Encyclopaedia BritannicaIncludesAnchored Instruction, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Anchored Instruction (Wikipedia)APOS Theory, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipedia: APOS Theorytier 2Appropriation of Knowledge, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Appropriation of knowledge (Wikipedia)tier 2Asynchronous Learning, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Asynchronous learning (Wikipedia)tier 2Authentic Learning, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Authentic learning (Wikipedia)tier 2Cognitive Acceleration, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Cognitive acceleration (Wikipedia)tier 2Cognitive Apprenticeship, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Cognitive Apprenticeship (Wikipedia)Commognition, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Commognition (Wikipedia)tier 2Community of Practice, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Community of Practicetier 2Constructionism (education), Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Constructionism (learning theory) (Wikipedia)Constructive Alignment, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Constructive alignment (Wikipedia)tier 2Constructivism in Science Education, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Constructivism in science education (Wikipedia)Constructivist Teaching Methods, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Constructivist teaching methodstier 2Culminating Project, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Culminating project (Wikipedia)Deanna Kuhn, Thinkers Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Deanna KuhnDialogue Education, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Dialogue education (Wikipedia)Discovery Learning, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source The MarginalianDistributed Cognition, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Distributed Cognition (Wikipedia)Distributed Scaffolding, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Distributed Scaffolding (Wikipedia)tier 2Dynamic Assessment, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Dynamic assessment (Wikipedia)tier 2Educational Theory of Apprenticeship, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Educational theory of apprenticeshiptier 2Ernst von Glasersfeld, Thinkers Well-attested Source Ernst von Glasersfeld (Wikipedia)Genetic Epistemology, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Genetic Epistemologytier 2Instructional Scaffolding, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipediatier 2Instructional Theory, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Instructional Theory (Wikipedia)tier 2John B. Biggs, Thinkers Well-attested Source Wikipedia: John B. BiggsKnowledge Building, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Knowledge building (Wikipedia)tier 2Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development (Wikipedia)tier 2Learning by Doing, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested ConnectedDewey's experiential account is a principal ancestor of constructivist practice, alongside his standing as progressive education's leading theorist.Source Simply PsychologyLegitimate Peripheral Participation, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Legitimate Peripheral Participationtier 2Lev Vygotsky, Thinkers Well-attested Phenomenon-based learning, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Phenomenon-based learning (Wikipedia)Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Simply PsychologyPOGIL, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source POGIL (Wikipedia)Private Speech, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Private Speech (Wikipedia)tier 2Quincy Method, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Quincy Method (Wikipedia)Radical Constructivism, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Radical Constructivismtier 2Self-Authorship, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Self-Authorship (Wikipedia)tier 2Situated Cognition, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipedia: Situated Cognitiontier 2Social Constructivism, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Wikipediatier 2Social Interactionist Theory, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Social Interactionist Theory (Wikipedia)tier 2Social Learning (Social Pedagogy), Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Social learning (social pedagogy) (Wikipedia)Student-Centered Learning, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Student-Centered Learning (Wikipedia)tier 2Writing Across the Curriculum, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested Source Writing across the curriculum, WikipediaZone of Proximal Development, Learning Theory and Concepts Well-attested ConnectedVygotsky's sociocultural account is the founding line of social constructivism.Source Simply PsychologyOpen QuestionsDoes Direct Instruction or Discovery Learning Work Better for Novice Learners?, Open Questions Well-attested Source Structural Learning, Pedagogy Explainedtier 3Policies InformedProcess Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning, Pedagogical Approaches Well-attested ConnectedPOGIL's own live entity-description: a structure grounded in constructivist theory in which the instructor's role is to facilitate rather than to lecture.In the Other AtlasesSame AsConstructivismAlso in Psychology Atlas: the same subject.Sources1. Simply PsychologySimply PsychologyConstructivism as a Theory for Teaching and Learning pageRather than passively receiving information, learners reflect on their experiences, create mental representations, and incorporate new knowledge into their schemas.Constructivism as a Theory for Teaching and Learning page, applicationseducation should focus on problem-solving and critical thinking, encouraging learners to connect new information with prior knowledgeIncludes: Zone of Proximal Development, Zone of Proximal Development page, sociocultural framingVygotsky emphasized that learning is a social process, where interaction and dialogue help students move from guided to independent mastery.Includes: Learning by Doing, John Dewey on Education page, legacyHis stress on active, experience-based learning anticipated the constructivist theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky.Includes: Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development, Piaget's Theory and Stages page, constructivist framingChildren actively build up their knowledge about the world. They are not passive creatures waiting for someone to fill their heads with knowledge.View the SourceStructural Learning, Pedagogy Explainedtier 3Structural LearningPedagogy Explained, Five Pedagogical Approaches Explained, Constructivismasks learners to actively build their own understanding...through class discussion and group workOpen Questions: Does Direct Instruction or Discovery Learning Work Better for Novice Learners?, Pedagogy Explained, classroom guide, constructivism side of the debateView the SourceEncyclopaedia BritannicaEncyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.Developed By: Lev VygotskyView the SourceWikipediatier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Social Constructivism, Social constructivism, lead sectionSocial constructivism is a sociological theory of knowledge.Includes: Instructional Scaffolding, Instructional scaffolding article, constructivist framingConstructivists advocate that learning is better facilitated in a minimally guided environment where learners construct important information for themselves.Associated With: Reading Wars, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_language, philosophy sectionconstructivist approaches to knowledge creation, emphasizing students' interpretations of texts and free expression of ideas in writing (often through daily journal entries)View the SourceThe MarginalianIncludes: Discovery Learning, Jerome Bruner on the Act of Discovery essay, constructivist framingQuote, Includes: Discovery Learning, Jerome Bruner on the Act of Discovery essay, constructivist framingEmphasis on discovery in learning has precisely the effect on the learner of leading him to be a constructionist, to organize what he is encountering.View the SourceWikipedia: Problem-based learningtier 2Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Problem-Based LearningView the SourceNeuroconstructivism (Wikipedia)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationAssociated With: Neuroconstructivism, See also sectionQuote, Associated With: Neuroconstructivism, See also sectionConstructivism (psychological school)View the SourceAnchored Instruction (Wikipedia)Includes: Anchored Instruction, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Anchored Instruction, Lead paragraphAnchored Instruction is a technology centered learning approach, which falls under the social constructionism paradigm.View the SourceDynamic assessment (Wikipedia)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Dynamic Assessment, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Dynamic Assessment, Lead paragraphDynamic assessment is a product of the research conducted by developmental psychologist Lev Vygotsky.View the SourceSocial Interactionist Theory (Wikipedia)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Social Interactionist Theory, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Social Interactionist Theory, Lead paragraphIt is based largely on the socio-cultural theories of Soviet psychologist, Lev Vygotsky.View the SourcePrivate Speech (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaIncludes: Private Speech, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Private Speech, Lead paragraphPrivate speech was first studied by Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget.View the SourceLawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development (Wikipedia)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development, Lead paragraphLawrence Kohlberg's theory on the stages of moral development is an adaptation of a psychological theory originally conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget.View the SourceAppropriation of knowledge (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaIncludes: Appropriation of Knowledge, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Appropriation of Knowledge, Lead paragraphAppropriation of knowledge is the process of constructing knowledge from social and cultural sources, and integrating it into pre-existing schemas.View the SourceConstructivism in science education (Wikipedia)Includes: Constructivism in Science Education, Lead paragraphQuote, Includes: Constructivism in Science Education, Lead paragraphConstructivism has been considered as a dominant paradigm, or research programme, in the field of science education since the 1980s.View the SourceWikipedia: John B. BiggsIncludes: John B. Biggs, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: John B. Biggs, Lead paragraph, in-approachJohn Burville Biggs (born 25 October 1934) is an Australian educational psychologist and novelist who developed the SOLO taxonomy for assessing the quality of learning outcomes, and the model of constructive alignment for designing teaching and assessment.View the SourceDistributed Cognition (Wikipedia)Includes: Distributed Cognition, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Distributed Cognition, Lead paragraph, in-approachHutchins argues that mental representations, which classical cognitive science held are within the individual brain, are actually distributed in sociocultural systems that constitute the tools to think and perceive the world.View the SourceCommognition (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaIncludes: Commognition, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Commognition, Lead paragraph, in-approachCommognition developed from Sfard's 1998 distinction between "acquisition" and "participation" metaphors for learning, an article that became one of the most cited in educational research.View the SourceWikipedia: Community of Practicetier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Community of Practice, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Community of Practice, Lead paragraph, in-approachA community of practice (CoP), also called a vertical community, is a group of people who "share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly".View the SourceWikipedia: Legitimate Peripheral Participationtier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Lead paragraph, in-approachLegitimate peripheral participation (LPP) describes how newcomers become experienced members and eventually old timers of a community of practice or collaborative project.View the SourceWikipedia: Educational theory of apprenticeshiptier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Educational Theory of Apprenticeship, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Educational Theory of Apprenticeship, Lead paragraph, in-approachThe apprentice perspective is an educational theory of apprenticeship concerning the process of learning through active participation in the practices of the desired skills, such as during workplace training.View the SourceWikipedia: Situated Cognitiontier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Situated Cognition, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Situated Cognition, Lead paragraph, in-approachSituated cognition is a theory that posits that knowing is inseparable from doing by arguing that all knowledge is situated in activity bound to social, cultural and physical contexts.View the SourceDistributed Scaffolding (Wikipedia)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Distributed Scaffolding, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Distributed Scaffolding, Lead paragraph, in-approachWith many students and multiple different levels of skill or Zones of Proximal Development, there is a need to create many support structures that can properly address each student's developmental level.View the SourceSocial learning (social pedagogy) (Wikipedia)Includes: Social Learning (Social Pedagogy), Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Social Learning (Social Pedagogy), Lead paragraph, in-approachSocial learning (social pedagogy) is learning that takes place at a wider scale than individual or group learning, up to a societal scale, through social interaction between peers.View the SourcePOGIL (Wikipedia)Includes: POGIL, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: POGIL, Lead paragraph, in-approachProcess Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) is an activity-based, group-learning instructional strategy.View the SourceQuincy Method (Wikipedia)Includes: Quincy Method, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Quincy Method, Lead paragraph, in-approachEmphasis was instead placed on social skills and self-expression through cultural activities and physical training, as well as teacher-prepared materials, experience-based learning and children's own writing.View the SourceCulminating project (Wikipedia)Includes: Culminating Project, Lead paragraph, in-approachQuote, Includes: Culminating Project, Lead paragraph, in-approachA culminating project (also known as a senior project, grad project or exit project), is a project that challenges high school seniors to demonstrate their academic knowledge in an experiential way (in most cases).View the SourceErnst von Glasersfeld (Wikipedia)Includes: Ernst von Glasersfeld, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Ernst von Glasersfeld, Lead sectionGlasersfeld is known for the development of radical constructivism.View the SourceWikipedia: APOS Theorytier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: APOS Theory, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: APOS Theory, Lead sectionAPOS Theory takes a constructivist view towards mathematical learning.View the SourceCognitive acceleration (Wikipedia)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Cognitive Acceleration, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Cognitive Acceleration, Lead sectionThe approach builds on work by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky and takes a constructivist approach.View the SourcePhenomenon-based learning (Wikipedia)Includes: Phenomenon-based learning, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Phenomenon-based learning, Lead sectionPhenomenon-based learning is a constructivist form of learning or pedagogy, where students study a topic or concept in a holistic approach instead of in a subject-based approach.View the SourceAuthentic learning (Wikipedia)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Authentic Learning, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Authentic Learning, Lead sectionAuthentic learning, on the other hand, takes a constructivist approach, in which learning is an active process.View the SourceDialogue education (Wikipedia)Includes: Dialogue Education, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Dialogue Education, Lead sectionDialogue Education is a form of Constructivism and can be a means for Transformative learning, (Vella, 2004).View the SourceWikipedia: Genetic Epistemologytier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Genetic Epistemology, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Genetic Epistemology, Lead sectionThis theory opposes traditional epistemology and unites constructivism and structuralism.View the SourceConstructionism (learning theory) (Wikipedia)Includes: Constructionism (education), Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Constructionism (education), Lead sectionIn this sense, constructionism is connected with experiential learning and builds on Jean Piaget's epistemological theory of constructivism.View the SourceStudent-Centered Learning (Wikipedia)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Student-Centered Learning, Lead sectionQuote, Includes: Student-Centered Learning, Lead sectionStudent-centred learning theory and practice are based on the constructivist learning theory that emphasises the learner's critical role in constructing meaning from new information and prior experience.View the SourceKnowledge building (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaIncludes: Knowledge Building, BodyQuote, Includes: Knowledge Building, BodyKnowledge building can be considered as deep constructivism that involves making a collective inquiry into a specific topic, and coming to a deeper understanding through interactive questioning, dialogue, and continuing improvement of ideas.View the SourceWikipedia: Constructivist teaching methodstier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Constructivist Teaching Methods, LeadQuote, Includes: Constructivist Teaching Methods, LeadConstructivist teaching is based on constructivism.View the SourceCognitive Apprenticeship (Wikipedia)Includes: Cognitive Apprenticeship, LeadQuote, Includes: Cognitive Apprenticeship, LeadConstructivist approaches to human learning have led to the development of the theory of cognitive apprenticeship.View the SourceConstructive alignment (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaIncludes: Constructive Alignment, LeadQuote, Includes: Constructive Alignment, LeadConstructive alignment was devised by Professor John B. Biggs, and represents a marriage between a constructivist understanding of the nature of learning, and an aligned design for outcomes-based teaching education.View the SourceWikipedia: Radical Constructivismtier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Radical Constructivism, LeadQuote, Includes: Radical Constructivism, LeadRadical constructivism is an approach to epistemology that situates knowledge in terms of knowers' experience.View the SourceInstructional Theory (Wikipedia)tier 2Wikimedia FoundationIncludes: Instructional Theory, BodyQuote, Includes: Instructional Theory, BodyOriginating in the United States in the late 1970s, instructional theory is influenced by three basic theories in educational thought: behaviorism, the theory that helps us understand how people conform to predetermined standards; cognitivism, the theory that learning occurs through mental associations; and constructivism, the theory explores the value of human activity as a critical function of gaining knowledge.View the SourceAsynchronous learning (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaIncludes: Asynchronous Learning, LeadQuote, Includes: Asynchronous Learning, LeadIn many instances, well-constructed asynchronous learning is based on constructivist theory, a student-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of peer-to-peer interactions.View the SourceWriting across the curriculum, WikipediaIncludes: Writing Across the Curriculum, BodyQuote, Includes: Writing Across the Curriculum, BodyJanet Emig's 1977 article "Writing as a Mode of Learning," grounded in constructivist theories of education, suggested that writing functioned as a unique and invaluable way for students to understand and integrate information.View the SourceSelf-Authorship (Wikipedia)tier 2WikipediaIncludes: Self-Authorship, BodyQuote, Includes: Self-Authorship, BodyThe first assumption states people create knowledge by interpreting their personal experiences through what is known as constructivism.View the SourceWikipedia: Deanna KuhnIncludes: Deanna Kuhn, intro of the articleQuote, Includes: Deanna Kuhn, intro of the articleHer research program has focused on the development of scientific reasoning skills, critical thinking, metacognition, informal reasoning, and constructivist teaching methods, such as problem-based learning and collaborative learning.View the SourceOpen Questions (1 open question)Does Direct Instruction or Discovery Learning Work Better for Novice Learners?Researchers disagree on how much guidance novice learners need. One line of research holds that minimally guided discovery approaches are less effective for novices than explicit teaching with worked examples, citing cognitive-load evidence; another finds well-designed guided inquiry can still be beneficial, arguing scaffolding quality and task design matter more than the direct-instruction-versus-discovery label itself.What would resolve this Comparative studies that isolate the amount and quality of instructional scaffolding, rather than only labelling a method direct instruction or discovery learning, would show whether the disagreement is about guidance itself or about how well each approach is implemented.Educational psychology and instructional designStructural Learning, Pedagogy ExplainedDissenting Readings (1 dissenting reading)Most Effective ForKirschner, Sweller and Clark hold that minimally guided, discovery-style methods like constructivism's problem-solving emphasis are less effective for novice learners than explicit, direct instruction with worked examples, arguing that novices lack the prior knowledge to benefit from minimal guidance and that cognitive load research favours explicit teaching for this group.A dissenting reading, from Paul A. Kirschner, John Sweller and Richard E. ClarkStructural Learning, Pedagogy Explained, Structural LearningEssays About This Entity (1 essay)Constructivism as a Question About AuthorityConstructivism, the subject entity of this essayRead the EssayComments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.