A named model, framework or technique for planning, structuring or delivering instruction, rather than a theory of assessment, curriculum policy or a classroom-scheduling arrangement: the classic instructional-systems-design process models (ADDIE, the SAM model, the Dick and Carey model, the ASSURE model, the 4C/ID and Four-Component Instructional Design models), theories that guide how content is sequenced and presented (elaboration theory, component display theory, Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction, the conditions of learning, first principles of instruction), and specific classroom techniques and tools (the graphic organizer, the advance organizer, anchored instruction, microteaching, lesson study, subgoal labeling, the knowledge organiser). This group is the atlas's largest, reflecting how much of the instructional design literature the subcategory actually holds.